城市纳污河流沉积物微生物群落结构特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

朱亮  孙凌宇  储如花  钱静 《水科学进展》2013,24(1):132-137

以南京市运粮河沉积物为研究对象,通过磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术分析了不同水期城市纳污河流沉积物微生物群落结构特征。结果表明:在不同的水期运粮河沉积物微生物量出现了显著差异,温度是导致微生物量在丰、平、枯三期出现显著差异的主要因素(P<0.05);在相同水期,营养物质含量高的地方对应着高的微生物量;16:0 iso、17:0 anteiso、15:0 iso这几种PLFA所指示的革兰氏阳性菌(G+)是影响运粮河沉积物微生物群落构成的主要菌落,导致沉积物微生物群落结构出现显著差异的环境因素是水期;单不饱和/支链脂肪酸比值可以作为反映水环境系统整体营养水平的指标,在C/N比值升高时微生物会将单不饱和脂肪酸转变成环丙基或者饱和脂肪酸以适应新的环境;PLFA含量比[c(i15:0)+c(i17:0)]/[c(a15:0)+c(a17:0)]可以作为指示水环境碳素含量的标志。  相似文献   

Polyfluorinated compounds in waste water treatment plant effluents and surface waters along the River Elbe, Germany   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Lutz Ahrens  Sebastian Felizeter  Renate Sturm  Zhiyong Xie  Ralf Ebinghaus 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(9):1326-1333

Polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were investigated in waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and surface waters of the River Elbe from samples collected in 2007. Concentrations of various PFCs, including C₄–C₈ perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), C₆ and C₈ perfluorinated sulfinates, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate, C₅–C₁₃ perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), C₄ and C₈ perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides and 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 unsaturated fluorotelomercarboxylic acids were quantified. ∑PFC concentrations of the river water ranged from 7.6 to 26.4 ng L⁻¹, whereas ∑PFC concentrations of WWTP effluents were approximately 5–10 times higher (30.5–266.3 ng L⁻¹), indicating that WWTPs are potential sources of PFCs in the marine environment. PFC patterns of different WWTP effluents varied depending on the origin of the waste water, whereas the profile of PFC composition in the river water was relatively constant. In both kinds of water samples, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the major PFC, whereas perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) was the predominant PFSA.  相似文献   

The feasibility of isolation and detection of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes using the benzene polycarboxylic acid method     

Lori A. Ziolkowski  Ellen R.M. Druffel 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,59(4-7):213

The incorporation of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes into electronic, optical and consumer products will inevitably lead to the presence of these anthropogenic compounds in the environment. To date, there have been few studies isolating these materials from environmental matrices. Here we report a method commonly used to quantify black carbon (BC) in soils, the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method, for measurement of two types of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), two types of fullerenes and two forms of soot. The distribution of BC products (BPCAs) from the high pressure and high temperature oxidation illustrates the condensed nature of these compounds because they form predominantly fully substituted mellitic acid (B6CA). The conversion of carbon nanoparticles to BPCAs was highest for fullerenes (average of 23.2 ± 4.0% C recovered for both C₆₀ and C₇₀) and lowest for non-functionalized SWCNTs (0.5 ± 0.1% C). The recovery of SWCNTs was 10 times higher when processed through a cation-exchange column, indicating the presence of metals in SWCNTs compromises the oxidation chemistry. While mixtures of SWCNTs, soot and sediment revealed small losses of black carbon during sample processing, the method is suitable for quantifying total BC. The BPCA distribution of mixtures did not agree with theoretical mixtures using model polyaromatic hydrocarbons, suggesting the presence of a matrix effect. Future work is required to quantify different types of black carbon within the same sample.  相似文献   

环境因子对2种南极绿藻脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

缪锦来  王波  阚光锋  丁燏  姜英辉  侯旭光  李光友 《海洋科学》2005,29(1):4-11

通过气相色谱方法对南极冰藻的脂肪酸进行了分析,发现环境因素对2种绿藻总脂含量有一定的影响：(1)温度对Pymmixtomonas sp,总脂含量影响不大,一般为8．3％～8．9％,Chlorophyceae L-4在2℃时的总脂含量最高为10.33％;(2)光强显著地影响这2种绿藻脂肪在细胞内的积累。随着光强由限制生长的39 lx增加到3900 lx,2种绿藻的脂肪酸含量降低：(3)盐度的提高有利于2种绿藻脂肪的积累;(4)营养盐的限制也利于2种绿藻脂肪的积累。在氮源缺乏条件下,Pyramidomonas sp,和Chlorophyceae L-4细胞内脂肪大量积累,含量分别是以NH4Cl为氮源的2．2和3.2倍。环境因素对2种绿藻脂肪酸组成和含量的影响不同,其脂肪含量的改变反映了南极冰藻生长的改变。环境因子能够影响这2种绿藻的脂肪含量,同样也影响到它们的生长。在适合南极冰藻生长的条件下,脂肪酸积累降低;反之,在南极冰藻生长受到限制的条件下,脂肪合成增加。这表明2种绿藻的脂肪含量随生存环境的变化而变化。环境因子同样影响到2种绿藻的脂肪酸组成,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸的组成和含量,但组成和其生长不存在相关性。环境因子(温度、光强、盐度和营养盐)对2种绿藻脂肪酸的测定结果表明,在2种绿藻中,多不饱和脂肪酸的含量高于单不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸。因此。这2种绿藻可望为多不饱和脂肪酸的开发利用提供藻种资源。  相似文献   

Terrigenous dissolved organic matter along an estuarine gradient and its flux to the coastal ocean     

Antonio Mannino  H. Rodger Harvey   《Organic Geochemistry》2000,31(12)

The contribution of terrigenous organic matter (TOM) to high molecular weight dissolved and particulate organic matter (POM) was examined along the salinity gradient of the Delaware Estuary. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was fractionated by ultrafiltration into 1–30 kDa (HDOM) and 30 kDa–0.2 μm (VHDOM) nominal molecular weight fractions. Thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) was used to release and quantify lipids and lignin phenols. Stable carbon isotopes, fatty acids and lignin content indicated shifts in sources with terrigenous material in the river and turbid region and a predominantly algal/planktonic signal in the lower estuary and coastal ocean. Thermochemolysis with TMAH released significant amounts of short chain fatty acids (C₉–C₁₃), not seen by traditional alkaline hydrolysis, which appear to be associated with the macromolecular matrix. Lignin phenol distributions in HDOM, VHDOM and particles followed predicted sources with higher concentrations in the river and turbid region of the estuary and lower concentrations in the coastal ocean. TOM comprised 12% of HDOM within the coastal ocean and up to 73% of HDOM within the turbid region of the estuary. In the coastal ocean, TOM from high molecular weight DOM comprised 4% of total DOC. The annual flux of TOM from the Delaware Estuary to the coastal ocean was estimated at 2.0×10¹⁰ g OC year⁻¹ and suggests that temperate estuaries such as Delaware Bay can be significant sources of TOM on a regional scale.  相似文献   

Acidic polar compounds in petroleum: a new analytical methodology and applications as molecular migration indices     

R. Galimberti  C. Ghiselli  M. A. Chiaramonte 《Organic Geochemistry》2000,31(12)

A new method for analysis of acidic polar compounds, is described and discussed. It allows the simultaneous quantification of carboxylic acids, phenols and carbazoles and combines accuracy with a short turnaround time, a requirement strictly necessary for industrial applications. Routinely use of this methodology (more than 50 applications in many different sedimentary basins) has supplied many important pieces of information about oil origin, maturity, biodegradation and, in particular, has allowed to define a molecular migration index (MMI), based on relative abundance of phenol and alkyl phenols. The combination of well-established geochemical tools focused on saturated and aromatic fractions (such as biomarkers, compound specific isotope ratio analysis, and GC fingerprinting) with this methodology results in the definition of an integrated interpretative sequence. This last enhances the quality of interpretations through cross-checks and permits a better exploitation of oil samples by using also their less explored fraction, i.e. the polar compounds. Application results of this methodology are only shortly mentioned in this paper, which is mainly focused on analytical aspects. The results will be more extensively discussed in a future publication.  相似文献   

盆地流体中有机组分的成矿效应   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

刘建明  叶杰  刘家军  谭骏  朱和平 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2000,19(3):141-148

盆地流体含有丰富的有机组分。有机质-金属耦合作用是盆地流体金属成矿机制的关键,具有极其重要的意义。有机质的成矿作用主要表现为：1)沉积有机质对盆地流体物理化学特征的制约;2)有机组分对金,属成矿元素在盆地流体中的迁移能力、迁移形式以及沉淀就位机制的制约;3)富有机质的地层作为地球化学还原障和H2S障对于流体中金属沉淀就位的制约;4)沉积有机质的演化对于盆地流体运移的制约(通过油气的阵发性析出和二次孔隙的产生)。  相似文献   

单个体浮游动物脂肪酸的气相色谱分析     

彭兴跃  陈钢 《台湾海峡》2000,19(4):454-459

为使浮游动物脂肪酸测定充分实现规范化及微量化,便于浮海动物自然生态及实验生态的研究,借助于毛细管气相色谱微量测定技术建立了浮游动物单个体或多个体样品测定的流程及技术,并实际测定了采自厦门附近海域的实际浮游动物样品中脂肪酸的含量。虽然这些数据来自几个甚至一个浮游动物样品,单个数据仍然显示充分的合理性及可靠性。这些数据显示出浮游动物不同种之间、游浮动物与浮流植物之间都有着明显的不同;同时,某些种之间或者某些样品之间又存在着各种的联系。这样,脂肪酸组成在化学分类学上的作用也得到了明显的体现。  相似文献   

盐度对六株硅藻生长及脂肪酸组成的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁英  麦康森  孙世春  黄国效  胡海燕 《海洋湖沼通报》2000,(4):53-62

在温度为22±1℃,盐度为18‰、28‰和38‰的条件下,用F/2培养基对青岛海洋大学微藻种质库保存的6株硅藻(纤细角毛藻Chaetoceros gracilis B13; 筒柱藻Cylindrotheca fusiformis B211;三角褐指藻 Phaeodactylum tricomutum B114, B118,B221;新月菱形藻 Nitzschia closterium B222) 进行培养,在指数生长期末期进行收获,测定了6株硅藻的生长及脂肪酸组成.实验结果表明: 盐度对六株硅藻的生长及脂肪酸组成均有影响,但作用结果因种而异.B13的相对生长率随着盐度的增加而增加;B114和B222的相对生长率随着盐度的增加而降低.B13的干重随着盐度的增加而增加,在盐度为38‰时达到最大值(0.21);B118、B114、B221 和B222的干重均在盐度为28‰时达到最大值;盐度对B211的干重影响不明显(0.35～0.36).六株硅藻的主要脂肪酸为16:0、16:1(n-7)和20:5(n-3),B211还含有较多的20:4n-6(5.6～7.4‰),B13含有较多的14:0 (20.O～30.9%).B211、B221和B222的饱和脂肪酸总合随着盐度的增加而降低,在盐度为18‰时达到最大值(占总脂肪酸的百分比分别为41.7%、37.6%和31.7%).而B13、B118和B114的饱和脂肪酸总合在盐度为28‰时含量最高(分别为48.1%、31.0%和33.0%).B118、B114、B221和B222的单不饱和脂肪酸总合随着盐度的增加而增加,而B13和B211单不饱和脂肪酸总合随着盐度的增加而降低.B13、B118、B114和B222的多不饱和脂肪酸总合在18‰时含量最高(分别为31.3%、23.4%、19.6%和18.6%).B211和B221的多不饱和脂肪酸总合在28‰时含量最高(分别为25.1%和16.3%).  相似文献   

低盐度突变对中国对虾仔虾存活率的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

马英杰  张志峰  马爱军  廖承义  孙谧 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(2):134-138

１９９６年３－４月在山东日照市代家村对虾育苗场采集中国对虾仔虾,采用实验室培养的方法,研究中国对虾仔虾对不同低盐度突变的幅度及速率的适应能力,并对在不同盐度突变后仍能存活的仔虾体内的１８种氨基酸、１４种脂肪酸及５种维生素的含量作了分析比较。结果表明,当降盐的工范围为３／ｄ－５／ｄ时,部分仔虾可在盐度为零的淡水中存活数天。盐度的变化对仔虾体内氨基酸,脂肪酸和维生素的含量均有一定影响。  相似文献